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The author asks relevant questions about the nature of theoretical frameworks and methodological devices in regard to sociology in India. Sociologists in India have not stated explicitly about the relevance of their research activities. Why a particular framework has been preferred over some other ones remains an unanswered question. Why a particular set of hypotheses and certain methodological strategies also remain unstated. What is the ‘fit’ between a given theoretical framework and a particular research design? Questions regarding the philosophical and ontological foundations of theory and method of study have remained quite vague. The author deals with these and similar other questions related to the historicity and present state of sociology in India. A perspective from sociology of knowledge calls for a thorough analysis of theoretical and methodological aspects of sociological researches in India. The parameters of sociology of knowledge, namely, epistemology, philosophy, theory, methodology and field of study have been examined in the context of sociology in India. The attempts towards ideologizing and indigenization of Indian sociology have also been discussed vis-á-vis the role of positivist and idealist traditions. Studies of village community and social stratification have been taken as test cases for examining the nexus between theory, method and data from the point of sociology of knowledge. The evolution of the debate on sociology in India has been examined in entirety.