includes index and bibliographical references

Imagine watching Shakespeare's tragedy Macbeth and being asked to write on the plot and to analyze the characters of Macbeth, Banquo, and Lady Macbeth, while the play is still on, and that too without the benefit of the scripted text. The Arab Spring that began in 2011 is still unfolding in 2022, with no end in sight. Perhaps, there will be no end in the foreseeable future. Obviously, it is daunting to write about the Arab Spring.

Nevertheless, it is possible to make observations about the origins and differing trajectories of the Arab Spring that came first to Tunisia. This book aims to look at what has happened so far and what might happen in the near future in a manner different from most of the books on this theme of enduring importance not only to the Arab region but also to the rest of the world. An attempt has been made to adopt a human-centered approach and to combine it with the conventional state-power-centered approach. The world is getting more and more interconnected in a manner such that a conflict anywhere can affect the rest of the world.The non-state actors in a state, often supported by foreign states, can exert a significant influence in shaping the course of history

English