Tribal and Indigenous Languages of India / Ramesh C. Gaur, Sumit Dey and Kumari Mamta

By:

Gaur, Ramesh C [author]

Contributor(s):

Language: eng- Publication details: New Delhi : IGNCA, 2022.Description: xiv, 214pISBN:

9789391045500

Subject(s):

DDC classification:

491.154 GAU-T

Summary: This report marks the commencement of the International Decade of Indigenous Languages-IDIL (2022-2032) and has been prepared by the Kala Nidhi Division of Indira Gandhi National Centre for the Arts (IGNCA), with the support of UNESCO. The aim of the report is to evaluate the data available on tribal and indigenous languages in the country whether in official state records or as found in linguistic surveys conducted over the years. Such data, although there have been attempts to collate in the past, is inadequate. Through this endeavour, all such data available across all probable sources in print or electronic media, have been put together to provide a roadmap to urge everyone into action towards the preservation of these languages. This project emerged through discussions with UNESCO to create a targeted action plan for the IDIL (2022-2032) - on what has been done and what remains to be done, and the steps that need to be taken in order to achieve the desired goals of preservation, promotion, and revitalization of endangered languages. The primary source of information on the languages spoken in the report is the Census Survey of India. A language that has less than 10,000 speakers stopped being registered in the official census survey after 1971 and is put away under the heading 'other'. This gap in the official census makes it difficult to even begin working towards the preservation of endangered languages. According to UNESCO, an endangered language is one that has less than 10,000 speakers and needs urgent intervention because of the threat of extinction, and those are the very languages that get excluded from all our official records. The Indian Constitution officially recognizes 22 scheduled languages; 97 per cent of the Indian population speaks one of these languages. There are an additional 99 non-scheduled languages included in the census and according to the 2011 census, around 37.8 million people identify one of these non-scheduled languages as their mother tongue. The native language of 1.2 million people remain unaccounted for due to the decision to not include languages with less than 10,000 speakers in the census.

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includes references

This report marks the commencement of the International Decade of Indigenous Languages-IDIL (2022-2032) and has been prepared by the Kala Nidhi Division of Indira Gandhi National Centre for the Arts (IGNCA), with the support of UNESCO. The aim of the report is to evaluate the data available on tribal and indigenous languages in the country whether in official state records or as found in linguistic surveys conducted over the years. Such data, although there have been attempts to collate in the past, is inadequate. Through this endeavour, all such data available across all probable sources in print or electronic media, have been put together to provide a roadmap to urge everyone into action towards the preservation of these languages. This project emerged through discussions with UNESCO to create a targeted action plan for the IDIL (2022-2032) - on what has been done and what remains to be done, and the steps that need to be taken in order to achieve the desired goals of preservation, promotion, and revitalization of endangered languages.

The primary source of information on the languages spoken in the report is the Census Survey of India. A language that has less than 10,000 speakers stopped being registered in the official census survey after 1971 and is put away under the heading 'other'. This gap in the official census makes it difficult to even begin working towards the preservation of endangered languages. According to UNESCO, an endangered language is one that has less than 10,000 speakers and needs urgent intervention because of the threat of extinction, and those are the very languages that get excluded from all our official records.

The Indian Constitution officially recognizes 22 scheduled languages; 97 per cent of the Indian population speaks one of these languages. There are an additional 99 non-scheduled languages included in the census and according to the 2011 census, around 37.8 million people identify one of these non-scheduled languages as their mother tongue. The native language of 1.2 million people remain unaccounted for due to the decision to not include languages with less than 10,000 speakers in the census.

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